SUMMARY OF NATIONAL EXPRESS GROUP PLC
AND CENTRAL TRAINS LIMITED: A REPORT ON THE MERGER SITUATION
Under the reference (see Appendix 1.1) we are required to investigate
the merger in February 1997 whereby National Express Group PLC (NEG) acquired
Central Trains Limited (Central Trains). The acquisition was made in consequence
of NEG's successful bid for a franchise to operate Central Trains' passenger
rail services for a period of seven years and one month from 2 March 1997.
NEG was formed in 1988 by a management buyout of the National Bus Company's
scheduled long-distance coach service business. It became a publicly quoted
company in 1992 and has subsequently made acquisitions of airports, further
coach activities, bus companies and train operating companies. In 1996
it made an operating profit of 62 million on turnover of 483 million.
NEG's coach services are operated mainly by its subsidiary National Express
Limited (NEL). NEG also owns the leading bus company in the West Midlands,
West Midlands Travel Limited (WMT). In 1996 NEL made an operating profit
of 7 million on turnover of 106 million, while WMT's operating profit
was 38 million on turnover of 178 million.
Central Trains was formerly part of the Regional Railways business sector
of the British Railways Board. Its services comprise an urban network
centred on Birmingham and operated on behalf of the West Midlands Passenger
Transport Executive (Centro); inter-urban services centred on the Midlands;
and urban/rural services covering a wide area of central England and into
Wales. Draft accounts for the year ended 31 March 1997 show
Central Trains' revenues as [*] million on which it made an operating
loss of [*] million before subsidy of 196 million.
One set of issues in this inquiry arises from the common ownership of
Central Trains and WMT and affects the West Midlands area. WMT has a very
strong position in the West Midlands market for bus services and will
be the operator of the new Midland Metro light rail service between Birmingham
and Wolverhampton which is due to begin operating in 1998. The extent
of competition between bus services and the rail services of Central Trains
is, however, quite limited and the same will be true of competition between
the Midland Metro and rail services. Moreover NEG is under an obligation
to deliver the level of rail services which Centro has specified in detail
in the franchise agreement. Centro sets the fares for these services and
takes the revenue (subject only to an arrangement whereby NEG shares in
any incremental revenue above a defined threshold). Centro also obtained
assurances from NEG related to its WMT bus services and to multi-modal
services, which were incorporated in the franchise agreement, in order
to prevent abuses which Centro feared might otherwise result from the
merger. We expect NEG to comply with these assurances. For all these reasons
we do not expect NEG to exercise additional market power in the West Midlands
passenger transport market as a result of the merger.
A second set of issues arises from the combination of ownership of Central
Trains and NEL and, to a lesser extent, two other train operating companies
which NEG owns. These affect areas mainly outside the West Midlands. There
are 12 point-to-point journeys on which there are significant overlaps
between the services of Central Trains and the other NEG subsidiaries.
We believe, taking full account of the range of evidence available, that
there is an element of competition for leisure passengers between coach
and rail services. Because of competition from other train operating companies
(not owned by NEG) and bus operators, however, the merger has not given
NEG opportunities to exploit its market position in relation to the great
majority of the overlapping flows. There are two possible exceptions,
together accounting for 1 million of annual revenue for NEG, where NEG
might be able to increase coach and, to a lesser extent, rail fares as
a result of the merger but on the evidence we do not expect that it will
do so.
We believe that some benefits will result from the merger in the form
of initiatives to promote transport integration in the West Midlands.
We conclude that the merger does not, and may not be expected to, operate
against the public interest.
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